ALK+ Lung Cancer

Faces of ALK+

Lung cancer often carries a stigma because of its connection with smoking, which negatively impacts funding and the experience of many people with lung cancer. We want to change that because nobody deserves lung cancer. Click each image to learn more about about the faces of ALK+ lung cancer.

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Learn more about ALK+ lung cancer

It Can’t Be Prevented

Lung cancer is cancer that forms in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells that line the air passages. There are two primary types of lung cancer:

  • Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rare fast-growing lung cancer that typically affects people who have a long history of smoking tobacco. SCLC occurs in approximately 10-15% of all lung cancers.
  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a group of lung cancers that behave similarly, such as squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. NSCLC occurs in approximately 80-85% of all lung cancers.

Most ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) cancers occur in non-small cell lung cancer. ALK+ is a mutation in the DNA of the lung cells that happens when two genes (EML-4 and ALK) become stuck together, creating a fusion oncogene. With this mutation, the lung cells divide, making too many copies of themselves and resulting in uncontrolled cell growth. 

While ALK+ lung cancer is caused by a mutation in the DNA, there is no known cause of that mutation. There is no known correlation of ALK-positive lung cancer with any environmental toxins, including smoking, second-hand smoke, asbestos, and air pollution.

Anyone can get lung cancer. No one deserves to get lung cancer.

Young Lives Are Cut Short

ALK+ lung cancer tends to impact young people, mostly women, who are otherwise healthy with no smoking history.

  • Young: About half of ALK+ lung cancer patients are diagnosed before the age of 50 (compared to about age 70 for lung cancer overall), with many in their 30’s and 40’s with young families, and some even in their teens and twenties.
  • “Never Smokers”: ALK+ lung cancer is strongly associated with a history of light or never smoking (“never smokers“). Lung cancer is not just a disease for smokers.
  • Women: Women are more likely to be diagnosed with ALK+ lung cancer than men.

Because ALK+ lung cancer tends to grow uncontrollably with little to no symptoms, approximately 90% of people are diagnosed in the late stages after the cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body like the liver or brain (i.e., Stage IV).  Once the cancer has spread, it becomes more difficult to treat.

    Current Treatments Stop Working

    More recently, researchers have been able to develop treatments that target ALK+ cancer growth. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), medications taken by pills once or twice daily, inhibit the growth of cancer by blocking the activity of the abnormal ALK protein that tells the cell to divide. By controlling the cancer’s “on-off” switch, TKIs can slow or even stop cancer progression, often with minimal adverse side effects compared to traditional treatments.

    Even though patients tend to respond well to the TKIs, these drugs stop working because the cancer eventually develops a resistance. This resistance allows the cancer to grow uncontrollably again, often with untargetable gene mutations.

    Crizotinib (Xalkori) was the first TKI approved as a first line treatment for ALK+ lung cancer in 2015. Since then, several other TKI medications have been approved by the FDA including alectinib (2015), ceritinib (2017), brigatinib (2020), and most recently lorlatinib (2021).

    Breakthroughs Are Happening

    Because of the negative stigma and lack of federal funding, top research professionals were historically driven away from focusing on lung cancer. As a result, little progress was made over several decades, and the prognosis for a fast-growing lung cancer like ALK+ was measured in months.

    However, as the understanding of the disease progressed and more professionals dedicated themselves to finding a cure for lung cancer, the last decade of treatment approvals has been monumental for extending and improving the lives of people diagnosed with ALK+ lung cancer. These treatments — tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)  — have increased life expectancy more than sixfold and improved quality of life dramatically.

    While a positive interim step, patients with ALK+ lung cancer need longer-lasting treatment options. Researchers are now dedicating efforts to better understand why TKIs stop working, how to address resistance to these treatments, and develop alternative therapies such as vaccines that train the immune system to identify and attack cancerous cells.

    In fact, support from our initial grassroots campaign in 2023, #SweatForBreath, provided critical, private-sector funding to help bring the first ALK+ lung cancer vaccine in the world to clinical trial.

    It Is Under-Funded
    The unfortunate stigma around lung cancer and smoking means all lung cancer research is severely underfunded.

    So while lung and bronchus cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosis, it is by far the leading cause of cancer-related deaths (20% of all cancer-related deaths). Nearly three times more people die from lung cancer than the second most common cause of cancer death (colon and rectum).

    As of 2023, lung cancer received the least amount of funding per death as compared to the other top 5 cancers.  As a result, research for lung cancer as a whole and ALK+ lung cancer specifically has had to rely on the private sector to fill the gap between federal funding and the funding required to advance innovative treatments.

    Notes: 2024 estimated funding & 2023 estimate deaths.

    We are at a tipping point in making ALK+ a chronic or even curable condition. More help is needed!

    Help extend and improve the lives of people with ALK+ lung cancer.
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